1
10
3
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https://revolutionhappenedhere.org/files/original/580adb6fd7d070824d8dc889b6f9db18.jpg
0e9219e600b226047600eb241f79cbf4
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Title
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Historic Northampton
Description
An account of the resource
<span>Historic Northampton focuses on local history and the local community. We preserve objects and documents that illuminate the lives of past residents while creating structures through which contemporary residents can preserve</span><span> and celebrate their own histories in ways that honor both tradition and change.</span><br /><br />46 Bridge Street Northampton, Massachusetts 01060 <a href="https://www.historicnorthampton.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.historicnorthampton.org</a>, info@historicnorthampton.org, 413-584-6011
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The house in this photo may no longer stand on King Street in Northampton, but the stories of the people who lived there remain. When Mary and Timothy Dwight built this house in 1751, they were a young couple embarking on their new life together. For 20 years, the Dwights navigated Timothy’s career as a merchant and a judge, and raised their thirteen children. At some point during this period, they enslaved a woman named Sylvia Church. The Dwights’ imposing house was renovated in the late the 19th century and would stand until 1905, when it was pulled down to build a school.
During the American Revolution, Timothy left Northampton to deal with a land investment in Mississippi, and died there in 1777. Before his death, Timothy had been a loyalist and that position dogged his wife and children even after he left. Mary was a loyalist herself, which fueled the resentment of those who disagreed with her politically. Her fields were burned, her livestock run off her land, and one of her children was bullied so much that he no longer wanted to attend school.
Mary Dwight was an intelligent woman with a mercurial temperament, a force of nature in her household and her community. Lewis Tappan, who grew up playing on this house’s grounds (much to Mary’s chagrin), remembered that she gave strict orders and saw that they were obeyed.
Tappan’s recollections also shed light on the other adult woman who lived in the house during the Revolution: Sylvia Church. Lewis Tappan recalled that when he and the other neighborhood children would be scolded by Mary, Sylvia Church would hide them from her until they weren’t scared.
This remembrance is important, because glimpses of Sylvia Church’s life are few and far between. She was probably born in Africa around 1754, and by the Revolution she had been enslaved for over half her life. She remained in this house for years after she technically had her freedom when Massachusetts abolished slavery in 1783. Like so many people who were enslaved, legally obtaining her freedom did not remove her from the people who had enslaved her or the house where she was enslaved.
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Title
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The Loyalist House on King Street
Contributor
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Historic Northampton
Type
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Photo/Postcard
Description
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Sepia-toned B/W photograph of the Dwight-Fisk home on King Street, Northampton, MA.
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Historic Northampton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1751
enslaved
loyalist
slavery
women
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https://revolutionhappenedhere.org/files/original/38188268d13e0fb0190d1cbb9b453a92.jpg
57ab0811ea3bb648af4a37eafd4676ff
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Historic Northampton
Description
An account of the resource
<span>Historic Northampton focuses on local history and the local community. We preserve objects and documents that illuminate the lives of past residents while creating structures through which contemporary residents can preserve</span><span> and celebrate their own histories in ways that honor both tradition and change.</span><br /><br />46 Bridge Street Northampton, Massachusetts 01060 <a href="https://www.historicnorthampton.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.historicnorthampton.org</a>, info@historicnorthampton.org, 413-584-6011
Revolution Happened Here
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<p>Being the child of a prominent loyalist during the American Revolution was a challenge. Growing up in Northampton, Anna Stoddard experienced childhood during a time when crown-appointed officials such as her father were “not only deposed, but denounced” by the general populace.</p>
<p>Anna was 12 or 13 years old when she made this sampler dated 1782. Born on March 24, 1769 to Solomon Stoddard (1736-1827) and his first wife Martha Partridge (1739-1772), Anna was born into a family that for just over a century held various religious, political or military appointments governing Hampshire County. In 1774, her father was appointed High Sheriff of Hampshire County, the very year when this authority could no longer match the collective will of the governed.</p>
<p>Solomon Stoddard’s appointment came at a time when the governor and the crown attempted to implement the Massachusetts Governance Act. This act made changes to town and county government that curtailed the rights of citizens. Among its provisions, it allowed the governor to appoint county sheriffs, without the consent of the council, to serve at his will. The citizens of Hampshire County directly challenged this act. In August 1774, grassroots activists gathered to close the court in Springfield and asked Stoddard to sign a document promising to never hold office under this act. In February 1775, citizens surrounded his house on Prospect Street and brought him to trial in Hadley. In 1776, he was jailed overnight in Northampton and later asked to sign an affidavit of “pledging to report all conspiracies or other movements inimical to the cause of liberty.”</p>
<p>Solomon Stoddard apparently maintained his loyalty to the crown. And in 1782 - the same year the sampler was made - a large gambrel-roof house for the Stoddard family was built, fronting the smaller circa 1730 house that had been surrounded by citizen activists.</p>
<p>Anna’s brother, Solomon Stoddard, born in 1771, would describe his childhood during the war in an 1837 recollections as follows:</p>
<blockquote><em>I was born, as you all know, in 1771, and of course was a boy in troubled times. My mother died when I was twenty months old; so that figuratively speaking, I had no Mother. Here was a deprivation which you never experienced. A mother, if intelligent, judicious & affectionate, is every thing among children. Without some details, you would have a very imperfect idea of the difficulties which the youth of that day, & especially the sons of the Tories, had to encounter. The war of the revolution, altho’ of a national character, was, nevertheless, as respected many of its immediate evils, more like a civil war. After the Declaration of Independence, those holding offices under the old Dynasty, were not only deposed, but denounced. A new race came forward, under the name of whigs, led on generally by violent, and frequently unprincipled men. Contributions for the public service were levied by Town Committees; and if the Tories questioned at all the amount, or called for the law under which they acted, a mob was at hand to silence complaint by violent measures, as the exigency, in their opinion, might require. These outrages were experienced by my Father at different times (in common with others who had been deposed) from these mobs; sometimes to gratify party feelings, and at others to show their zeal in the cause of Liberty. These things were going forward occasionally from 1776 to 1783. For most of the time between these dates, we were without law and without Courts, and every effort was making to prejudice the community against those men who were previously in Office, and who had too much conscience to violate the Oath of Allegiance, by which they were bound. Of these, my Father was one, being High Sheriff under the King. At such a time, and under such circumstance, little attention was paid to education. Even Yale College was broken up for a considerable period-our Town Schools were nothing, and the sons of Tories, owing to the prejudices alluded to, were practically excluded from their benefit, if any benefit was derivable. Of course I had no schooling in early life, except that one summer, when eight or nine years old, I attended a girl’s school kept by Mrs. Henshaw, at the house where she now lives. This school I could hardly attend without being insulted in the street as the son of a Tory. You might suppose that I enjoyed good advantages at home, but it was not so. Without a mother, as I before observed, and my Father, otherwise occupied & frequently in a state of agitation, was not favorably situated to instruct his children…. The first ten or eleven years of my life I spent at home, almost wholly excluded from the company of boys of my age, and groping my way under the circumstances I have stated.</em></blockquote>
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1782
Dublin Core
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A Loyalist Childhood: Sampler Made by Anna Stoddard, 1782
Subject
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childhood
Description
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Sampler, cross-stitch on linen, approximately 7.5" H x 5.75" W
Type
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Artifact
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68.465
Date
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1782
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Historic Northampton
childhood
children
craft
loyalist
needlework
Tory
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https://revolutionhappenedhere.org/files/original/f12cff3db9a9325a40e50df8909cf0a9.jpg
0ad1d22c8fe4a127be8a100b8ac0cee5
https://revolutionhappenedhere.org/files/original/0abb759db80e1a0c7491e077fbf6b1f2.jpg
2a13861b4c5def5298528511867d4f00
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Back of payroll document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Historic Northampton
Description
An account of the resource
<span>Historic Northampton focuses on local history and the local community. We preserve objects and documents that illuminate the lives of past residents while creating structures through which contemporary residents can preserve</span><span> and celebrate their own histories in ways that honor both tradition and change.</span><br /><br />46 Bridge Street Northampton, Massachusetts 01060 <a href="https://www.historicnorthampton.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.historicnorthampton.org</a>, info@historicnorthampton.org, 413-584-6011
Revolution Happened Here
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Did you know that soldiers received travel reimbursement based on how far they marched from home? This document lists how much was paid to thirty-seven soldiers who served the Continental Army for the month of July 1778. They served in Albany, New York, and then marched back to their homes in western Massachusetts. These men, who were members of their local militias in western Massachusetts, were temporarily attached to General Timothy Danielson’s Brigade (he was from Deerfield) to do a special service for the Continental Army in Albany.
In this detachment, there were seven officers and thirty privates. Daniel Pomeroy, the captain, was paid six times as much as the privates, (12 pounds to 2 pounds), and the lieutenant was paid four times as much as the privates (8 pounds to 2 pounds). At this time, the Americans used the British currency system of pounds-shillings-pence. There were twelve pence in a shilling, and twenty shillings in a pound. A pound contained 240 pence. During the War, inflation was high and rising, so the soldiers’ pay may not have amounted to as much as they had hoped.
Everyone was paid a penny per mile for their march home. By looking down the list you can see that several of the men marched the same distance, so they must have come from the same towns. The closest to Albany was sixty miles and the furthest was 115 miles. It is a puzzle to figure out which town was sixty-six miles east of Albany, which one was one hundred miles, and if these are names of men who lived in these towns.
We know that the captain, Daniel Pomeroy, was from Northampton so all the men who marched eighty miles must also have come from Northampton. He stayed on to serve until October 31, 1778. Before and after the war, Daniel Pomeroy ran a tavern, called the “red tavern” on Northampton’s Main Street. He was the fourth generation of Pomeroys to live on Main Street and own a tavern.
This payroll shows that many men participated in the American Revolution, even if they were part of a local militia and even if they served for only a short time. July would have been an okay time to leave their farms for a month. Their crops were already growing in the fields. The soldiers would be home in August in time to harvest them. While they were gone, their wives and children worked the farm.
Every company had a clerk whose job it was to keep detailed records, like this payroll. He used his good math skills to add up the long column of figures, and then he copied the record several times so that everyone in charge had a copy.
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1778-07
Text
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<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>A Pay Roll of Capt. Daniel Pomeroy Company Being A Detachment from Genll Danielson Brigade in The Continental Service for the Month of July 1778</td>
<td>A Mileage Account For Each man in this Pay Roll Sett opposite Their names from Their Respective homes To Albany</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Mens Names</td>
<td>Rank</td>
<td>Time Entered</td>
<td>Time Service to</td>
<td>Amount For Month</td>
<td>Remarks</td>
<td>Whole Amount Lawfull Money</td>
<td>Number of Miles Marched</td>
<td>The Whole Amount At one Penny Per Mile</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Daniel Pomeroy</td>
<td>Capt</td>
<td>July 1st</td>
<td>August 1<sup>st</sup></td>
<td>12-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>£12-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ezekiel Foster</td>
<td>Leut</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>8-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>8-0-0</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>0-9-7</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eliphaz Wright</td>
<td>Sergt</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>3-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>3-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Martin Severance</td>
<td>Sergt</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>3-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>3-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jonathan Pomeroy</td>
<td>Corpl</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>William Turner</td>
<td>Corpl</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Samuel Turner</td>
<td>Corpl</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-4-0</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>0-9-7</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nathan Strong</td>
<td>Private</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eleazer Root</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moses Hendrick</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moses Danks</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>David Wood</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>David Frisby</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Enoch Beats</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jesse Woolcot</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Fobes</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Simeon Higgins</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Samuel Hamilton</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ezekiel Thomas</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>0-5-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>David Ingram</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Benjn Parker</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0-6-8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jonas Leonard</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>0-5-0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Howard</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>0-5-0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Daniel Morse 3rd</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>0-5-0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Joseph Allen</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>0-5-3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gideon Howard</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>0-5-3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jonathan Taylor</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>0-5-3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thomas Ford</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8-4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moses Smith</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8- 4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jonathan Lions</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8-4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Francis Gooding</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8-4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Oldin</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8-4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Gant</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>0-9-7</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thomas Wallis</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0-8-4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rubin Casmorhugh??</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eli Gold</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eldad Corbit</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>Do</td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>2-0-0</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>0-7-6</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>92-12-0</td>
<td></td>
<td>12-13-10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Captain Daniel Pomeroy's Payroll
Subject
The topic of the resource
soldiers, money
Description
An account of the resource
document, approximately 14 3/4" (37.6 cm) x 9 5/8" (24.6 cm)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July, 1778
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Historic Northampton
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Manuscript
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
A.R.W.17.9
march
money
soldier